Methodology To evaluate the financial feasibility of implementing energy storage systems in residential buildings in Nordic climates, the use of energy storage technologies in combination with a solar PV system was modelled for detached houses employing different heating methods in Southern Finland.
Thus, to simulate the use of solar PV systems in Nordic climates, the model included scenarios with both a fixed solar PV capacity of 5 kW, representative of a typical residential solar panel in Finland, as well as with a fixed RF of 49 % for the house, with the solar PV capacity determined accordingly.
Hence, the optimal capacity of all the energy storage systems is zero, whereas the feasible solar PV size is limited to below 20 % when using the 2019 electricity prices as comparison.
While the costs of all energy storage systems remain too high to be considered financially attractive without further support mechanisms, LIB storage is clearly the best storage alternative in all scenarios with a LCC 1000–7500 € higher and a LCOE 0.005–0.04 €/kWh higher than the costs of a 13.5 kW stand-alone solar PV system.
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