Accelerating energy transition towards renewables is central to net-zero emissions. However, building a global power system dominated by solar and wind energy presents immense challenges. Here, we demonstrate the potential of a globally interconnected solar-wind system to meet future electricity demands.
Theoretically, the potential of solar and wind resources on Earth vastly surpasses human demand 33, 34. In our pursuit of a globally interconnected solar-wind system, we have focused solely on the potentials that are exploitable, accessible, and interconnectable (see “Methods”).
Constraints on solar PV and wind turbine deployment due to land use and slope are based on the study of Wang et al. 4. Hourly data on surface solar radiation, surface air temperature, and wind speed at 100 m above the ground level are acquired from the ERA5 reanalysis 50, which has a spatial resolution of 0.25°.
In our model, solar and wind generation are explicitly modeled with high-resolution temporal and spatial variations, whereas flexible units are collectively represented as a dispatchable reserve used to balance residual load fluctuations after solar and wind generation and trans-regional exchanges have been accounted for.
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