Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) converts electrical energy into potential energy stored in compressed air, which is held in large underground reservoirs. When the power grid requires the stored energy, the highly pressurized air is released to generate electricity. The objective of SI 2030 is to develop specific and quantifiable research, development. . As the world transitions to decarbonized energy systems, emerging long-duration energy storage technologies are crucial for supporting the large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources.